Iron

The oxygen carrier — and the world's most common nutrient deficiency.

Updated

What it is

Iron sits at the center of hemoglobin, carrying oxygen from your lungs to every working muscle. Run low and the symptom set is exactly what you'd predict: fatigue, weak training, poor concentration, feeling cold — iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide, and it lands hardest on menstruating women, endurance athletes, and plant-based eaters.

How much

References run around 8 mg a day for men and 18 mg for premenopausal women — one of nutrition's biggest sex differences. Iron comes in two forms: heme (animal foods, well absorbed) and non-heme (plants, absorbed at a fraction — which is why plant-based recommendations run higher still). Two practical levers: vitamin C with a meal boosts non-heme absorption; tea and coffee alongside it cut it.

Don't supplement iron on a hunch — excess is genuinely harmful, and a blood test settles the question cheaply.

How well it's tracked

Moderately: a common label line, well covered for fortified foods and meats; some produce data omits it.

Food sources

Red meat and organ meats (heme); lentils, beans, tofu, fortified cereals, pumpkin seeds, and spinach (non-heme — pair with the vitamin C).

In the app

Iron's Insights card with contributors shows where yours comes from, and a custom floor fits anyone working against a diagnosed deficiency.